By WWII, scientists had already begun looking at alternative gelling substances for routine use in bacteriology, but concluded that agar was still better as it is both firmer and easier to handle. Today, some specialized microbiology applications use the colloid carrageenan (extracted from red seaweed Chondrus crispus, or “Irish Moss”), a more transparent and less auto-fluorescent alternative to agar (agar emits its own background fluorescence when excited by light). However, for routine bacteriological use, carrageenan is more difficult to dissolve, requires higher concentrations, can degrade at high temperatures, and forms weaker gels, which may result in puncturing its surface during the plating of cells.
这场持续了三年、以低价为武器的市场争夺战，一度将咖啡行业的竞争推向白热化，大幅吞噬着企业的利润，却也让咖啡这一舶来品在中国市场得以全面普及。
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The 17 artists who could be admitted to the prestigious US-based institution also range from Jeff Buckley and Lauryn Hill to Mariah Carey and Wu-Tang Clan.